Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract

Introduction

Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract are among the most common and also the most dangerous cancers present in society. The gastrointestinal system, which includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and liver, pancreas and gallbladder, can be affected by various types of cancer. In this article, we will take a look at the most common types of gastrointestinal cancers, outlining the symptoms, causes and methods of diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.

Cancers of the mouth and throat

Oral and pharyngeal cancers are often associated with smoking, alcohol abuse and HPV infection. Symptoms of oral and pharyngeal cancers may include: ulcers, difficulty swallowing, pain in the throat, bleeding or lumps in the mouth. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, so regular dental check-ups and awareness of risk factors are important for prevention and early detection of these cancers.

Cancers of the esophagus

Cancers of the esophagus are often associated with smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity and chronic reflux esophagitis. Symptoms of esophageal cancer may include chest pain, difficulty swallowing, weight loss, nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis of esophageal cancer includes endoscopic examination and biopsy. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery.

Tumors of the stomach

Stomach cancers are often associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, obesity, smoking, eating a lot of salt and consuming insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables. Symptoms of gastric cancer may include: loss of appetite, weight loss, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosis of gastric cancer involves endoscopic examination and biopsy. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Tumors of the intestines

Intestinal cancers, both of the small intestine and large intestine, are often associated with polyps, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and hereditary polypoid colorectal syndrome. Symptoms of intestinal neoplasms may include: changes in bowel movements, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and weight loss. Diagnosis of intestinal cancer includes colonoscopy and biopsy. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Liver tumors

Liver cancers are often caused by cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, metabolic diseases and alcohol abuse. Risk factors also include human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Symptoms of liver cancer may include: abdominal pain, fatigue, weight loss, jaundice, and swelling. Diagnosis of liver cancer involves ultrasound and biopsy. Treatment may include chemotherapy, targeted drugs, radiation therapy and liver transplantation.

Tumors of the pancreas and gallbladder

Pancreatic and gallbladder cancers are often caused by smoking, obesity, chronic pancreatitis and hepatitis B and C virus infection. Symptoms of pancreatic and gallbladder cancer may include weight loss, jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis of pancreatic and gallbladder cancer includes ultrasound, CT scan and biopsy. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Termination

Gastrointestinal cancers are a serious health problem and increase the risk of death in the community. Early detection and effective treatment play a key role in the fight against these diseases. It is worthwhile to undertake regular check-ups, maintain a healthy lifestyle and avoid risk factors such as smoking, alcohol abuse and an unhealthy diet. If any worrisome symptoms appear, consult a doctor as soon as possible for proper diagnosis and treatment.